Enviar artigo via e-mail EPIGENÉTICA E SEU PAPEL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO EMBRIONÁRIO - EPIGENETICS AND THE ROLE IN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Resumo
A epigenética está envolvida em muitos processos celulares normais. Ela consiste em estudos sobre mudanças hereditárias na expressão gênica que não envolve variação na sequência de DNA. As células de um organismo multicelular são geneticamente idênticas (à exceção de células germinativas e células do sistema imune), mas são funcionalmente heterogêneas. Células, tecidos e órgãos se diferem porque eles têm certos grupos de genes que estão “ligados” ou expressos, assim como outro grupo de genes que estão “desligados” ou inibidos. No desenvolvimento, modificadores epigenéticos estabilizam a expressão gênica e garantem que padrões de metilação do DNA e modificação de histonas sejam restabelecidos nas células quando há a divisão celular. Apagamento global de marcas epigenéticas ocorre naturalmente em dois estágios do ciclo de vida de mamíferos: quando gametas se fundem para formar o zigoto e quando precursores dos gametas (células germinativas primordiais, PGCs) se desenvolvem e migram no embrião. A compreensão de como a diversidade funcional é gerada, requer uma compreensão de como as diferenças hereditárias na expressão gênica surgem durante o desenvolvimento entre diferentes tipos celulares. Os mecanismos que regem esses processos fazem parte da epigenética porque eles não podem residir unicamente na sequência de DNA, e eles são, por vezes, descritos como sistema de herança epigenética
Epigenetic is involved in many of normal cellular processes. It consists of studies heritable changes in gene expression that does not involve sequence variations in DNA. The cells of a multicellular organism are genetically identical (except germ cells and immune cells) but are functionally heterogeneous. Cells, tissues and organs differ because they have certain groups of genes that are "turned on" or expressed, as well as another group of genes that are "turned off" or inhibited. In the development, epigenetic modifiers stabilize gene expression and ensure that DNA methylation and histone modification patterns are restored in cells when there cell division. global epigenetic marks erasing occurs naturally in two stages of the mammalian life cycle, when gametes fuse to form the zygote and as precursors of gametes (primordial germ cells, PGCs) develop and migrate in the embryo. Understanding how the functional diversity is generated, it requires an understanding of how inherited differences in gene expression occur during development between different cell types. The mechanisms that govern these processes are part of epigenetic because they cannot reside solely on DNA sequence, and they are sometimes described as epigenetic inheritance system.
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